Thus, Article 370 of the Constitution was basically a disguise of the Islamic Sharia principle that the gullible members of the Constituent Assembly could never comprehend. As a member of the Indian Police Service, the author dealt with complex legal enforcement issues as well as major internal security and terrorism challenges in all theatres. Therefore, he boldly asserts, with full responsibility and supported by indisputable empirical and textual evidence, that the Indian Constitution has, among other things, created or aggravated three persistent terrorism problems. At a meeting on August 6, the chief ministers of Meghalaya and Assam decided to set up three committees from both sides to be headed by cabinet ministers to minimise the areas of differences. He said that for the first time in many years, people celebrated Independence Day with a free mind with no organisation calling a bandh on the day.



In July 2012, there were communal clashes between Bodos and Muslims, which claimed many lives and displaced more than four lakh people. The violence initially started from Kokrajhar and Chirag and spread to all districts of Bodoland and lower Assam. Bodo organizations upped the ante on the illegal immigration issue demanding updating of citizens verification of Muslims and their citizenship status. There is a need for initiating a meaningful dialogue with all the stakeholders as far as the removal of AFSPA is concerned. Nepal is being used as a hideout and transit to other countries adjoining China. Bhutan is also used by many of the Assam based underground groups like ULFA and NDFB.
The law provides for the freedoms of peaceful assembly and association, and the government generally respected those rights. The government occasionally applied restrictions on the travel and activities of visiting foreign experts and scholars; however, in most cases the government supported and issued visas for international academic conferences and exchanges. Authorities may hold search engines liable for displaying prohibited content, and the government sometimes requested user data from internet companies.

In fact, devoid of any comprehensive ideology, they act more as extortionists rather than insurgents and seemingly play into the hands of NSCN (I-M). The senior Congress leader further said that the youths of the State today are living with a sense of despair which is making them vulnerable. Mukul Sangma said that development in the Northeast has been slow due to a long history of militancy in the region. To look at the history of HNLC, the first time the group took a major hit was when Dorphang surrendered in July 2007, becoming disillusioned by the militancy’s wayward trajectory, guided by the strict control of defence forces and police. Besides, 6 teams of CoBRA were also deployed in Meghalaya to check insurgent activities.
On January 17, 2018, State Director General of Police Swaraj Bir Singh stated that only 21 militancy-related incidents were reported in 2017, while there were 310 such incidents in 2013, 341 in 2014, 310 in 2015, and 118 in 2016. The State recorded eight fatalities, including six militants and two civilians, in 2017; as against 26 fatalities, including 10 civilians and 16 militants in 2016, according to partial data compiled by the South Asia Terrorism Portal . Year 2015 had recorded a total of 61 fatalities, including 34 militants, 19 civilians, and eight SF personnel; while there were 76 such fatalities in 2014. Thus, the declining trend of overall fatalities established in 2015 continued through 2017.

Indeed, according to an August 7, 2017, Shira had fled to Bangladesh in June 2017, but had returned to the Garo Hills. An October 8, 2017, report indicated that GNLA was ‘tying up’ with ULFA-I, which is a member of United National Liberation Front of Western South East Asia ’. ULFA-Is ‘deputy commander-in-chief’ Dristi Rajkhowa was reportedly trying to import ULFA-I cadres from neighboring Assam and even Bangladesh and put them up in GNLA camps.
Accused individuals have a right to free legal assistance, including for their first hearing after arrest. The constitution specifies that the state should furnish legal aid to provide that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities, but authorities did not assess this need systematically. After independence, the Muslims of Kashmir led by Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah demanded the continuation of those restrictions. Through the time-tested tactics of gangsterism and with the encouragement of the Nehruvian clique, they bullied the Constituent Assembly and Indian State to incorporate those restrictions into the Constitution as Article 370.
HRW reported women and girls with disabilities occasionally were forced into mental hospitals against their will. In May humanitarian aid organization World Vision India conducted a survey of 45,844 children between the ages of 12 and 18 across 26 states and found that one in every two children was a victim of sexual abuse. The Counsel to Secure Justice reported nearly 30 percent of child sexual abuse cases involved incest and 99 percent of overall child sexual abuse cases were not reported.

There are a lot of projects and frameworks in the country but there is no proper implementation,” Amstrong Pamei said, appealing NGOs and civil societies to make people aware of things they don’t know. Manipur is located in a border area and trafficking in the North- East is rampant so the NGOs and police personnel should protect them. People should benefit from schemes such as Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan and other educational schemes. “Poverty is high since 1950 but after development it has reduced but hasn’t properly brought upliftment in the state. Vulnerable groups were considered in the 12th Plan and as a result SCs, STs, OBCs, differently able people, people living with HIV, single women, widows and many others benefitted,” Padmaja said, appealing civil society organisations to help and give awareness about the scheme to many others. But then the way the underground organisations ignored the invitation does not come as a complete surprise.
Human rights advocates alleged the government’s operations sought not only to suppress the Maoists but also to force tribal populations from their land, allowing for purchase by the private sector. The use of force by all parties to the conflicts resulted in deaths and injuries to both conflict participants and civilians. There were reports government security forces committed extrajudicial killings, including staging encounter killings to conceal the deaths of captured militants. Human rights groups claimed police refused to release bodies in cases of alleged “encounters.” Authorities did not require the armed forces to report custodial deaths to the NHRC. Indian officials, meanwhile, accuse the UWSA—“the most effective illegal weapons trader” to Indian insurgent groups—and the Arakan Army of serving as Chinese proxies and providing weapons and shelter to northeastern rebels. The AA was founded in 2009, reportedly with the assistance of the Kachin Independence Army, the second most powerful ethnic armed group after the UWSA.

Meghalaya has faced insurgency since 1992 and has resulted in deaths of more than 700 people, of which about 245 people were killed between 2011–15 alone. All the insurgency problems that earlier prevailed in the entire northeast region were once originally the discontentment issues that brewed in the erstwhile Assam and carried and multiplied in all the numerous states created by dividing Assam. A close observation of the contemporary political situation in Tripura reveals the cobweb of insurgent activities and electoral politics. The relative backwardness of the tribals and the resultant tribal militancy in Tripura have been used profitably by the political forces for electoral gains.
Stringent law and fast criminal justice system for quick disposal of insurgents attack cases. Due the porous border, the insurgents can easily flee to neighbouring countries such as Bhutan, Myanmar and Bangladesh and also establish their underground insurgent bases. The party is going to launch the poll bugle in the state where it came to power for the first time in 2018 by ending the 25-year rule of CPI-led Left Front.

The government detained two journalists under the CSPSA, accusing them of complicity in a deadly attack on police by Naxalite insurgents; some media reports indicated authorities imprisoned the journalists because of their reporting. On February 27, the Supreme Court granted bail to Santosh Yadav, a freelance journalist from Chhattisgarh’s Bastar District jailed under the CSPSA and the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act for alleged links with Maoist insurgents. Separatist insurgents and terrorists in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, the northeast, and the Maoist-affected areas committed serious abuses, including killings and torture of armed forces personnel, police, government officials, and of civilians, and recruitment and use of child soldiers.
The Insurgency in state, involving multiple groups is a part of the larger northeastern insurgencies to destablise the region. Corruption, smuggling of narcotics, arms and ammunition sold cheaply in Cambodia, Thailand and by numerous Myanmar insurgent groups are lucrative business activities and human rights violation issues often crop up Manipur with heightened insurgency environment. The state is famous for producing world class sportsmen/women making India proud world over. Northeast India has been facing insurgencies since it first gained independence.