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(See the image listed below.) Lumbar spine muscles. Extensors The extensor muscles are arranged in 3 layers. The largest group of intrinsic back muscles and main extensor is the erector spinae (or sacrospinalis). In the lower L-spine, the erector spinae appears as a single muscle. At the upper back area, it divides into 3 vertical columns of muscles (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis).

The iliocostalis is the most lateral, and the spinalis (tiniest muscle) is the most medial. The longissimus (biggest muscle) inserts on to the skull base, whereas the iliocostalis inserts onto the angles of the ribs and transverse processes of the lower cervical vertebrae. As these muscles rose up the vertebral column, they divide regionally depending on where the muscle attaches superiorly.

In the sacrum, it stems from the laminar area simply median to the posterior sacral foramina, from the tendinous origins on the erector spinae, and the median surface of the posterior remarkable iliac spine (PSIS). Each fascicle is directed superomedially towards the inferior and median margin of the lamina and adjacent spinous procedure.

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The transversospinal muscle group acts both as an L-spine extensor and a rotator. A multitude of small, segmental muscles are the deepest layer of the back extensors. They can be divided into 2 groups, both innervated by the dorsal rami of spine nerves. This Site costarum are not typically present in the lumbar spine.

The interspinales includes short fasciculi attached between the spinous processes of contiguous vertebrae. The intertransversarii consist of 2-3 slips of muscles, which pass between nearby transverse processes. They are postural stabilizers and increase the performance of bigger muscle group action. Forward flexors Flexors of the L-spine are divided into an iliothoracic (extrinsic) group and a femorospinal (intrinsic) group.

The femorospinal group is comprised of the psoas significant and iliacus muscles. The psoas significant stems from several locations: the anterior surface area and lower border of transverse procedures of L1-L5, from the bodies and discs of T12-L5. It inserts on to the lower trochanter of the femur and is innervated by direct fibers of the back plexus (L1-L3).