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Some sensory fibers do not separate in between harmful and non-noxious stimuli, while others, nociceptors, respond just to poisonous, high intensity stimuli. At the peripheral end of the nociceptor, harmful stimuli produce currents that, above an offered limit, send out signals along the nerve fiber to the back cable. The "uniqueness" (whether it reacts to thermal, chemical or mechanical features of its environment) of a nociceptor is identified by which ion channels it expresses at its peripheral end.

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The discomfort signal takes a trip from the periphery to the back cord along an A-delta or C fiber. Because the A-delta fiber is thicker than the C fiber, and is very finely sheathed in an electrically insulating product (myelin), it carries its signal quicker (530 m/s) than the unmyelinated C fiber (0.

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Pain stimulated by the A-delta fibers is described as sharp and is felt initially. This is followed by a duller pain, often referred to as burning, brought by the C fibers. A Reliable Source -delta and C fibers enter the back cable through Lissauer's system and get in touch with back cable nerve fibers in the main gelatinous substance of the spine cable.

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Before reaching the brain, the spinothalamic system splits into the lateral, neospinothalamic tract and the medial, paleospinothalamic tract. The neospinothalamic tract carries the quick, sharp A-delta signal to the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus. The paleospinothalamic tract brings the slow, dull, C-fiber pain signal. A few of these fibers peel off in the brain stem, linking with the reticular formation or midbrain periaqueductal gray, and the remainder end in the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus.

Spine cable fibers devoted to carrying A-delta fiber pain signals, and others that bring both A-delta and C fiber pain signals to the thalamus have been determined. Other spine fibers, understood as broad vibrant range nerve cells, react to A-delta and C fibers, but likewise to the large A-beta fibers that bring touch, pressure and vibration signals.

They proposed that all skin fiber endings (with the exception of those innervating hair cells) equal, which pain is produced by extreme stimulation of these fibers. Another 20th-century theory was gate control theory, introduced by Ronald Melzack and Patrick Wall in the 1965 article "Discomfort Mechanisms: A Brand-new Theory".