What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the idea that natural processes can cause organisms to evolve over time. This includes the appearance and growth of new species.

This has been demonstrated by many examples of stickleback fish species that can be found in fresh or saltwater and walking stick insect types that are apprehensive about specific host plants. These mostly reversible traits permutations cannot explain fundamental changes to basic body plans.

Evolution through Natural Selection

The development of the myriad of living organisms on Earth is a mystery that has fascinated scientists for decades. Charles Darwin's natural selection is the best-established explanation. This is because people who are more well-adapted are able to reproduce faster and longer than those who are less well-adapted. Over time, a population of well-adapted individuals expands and eventually becomes a new species.

Natural selection is an ongoing process and involves the interaction of 3 factors that are: reproduction, variation and inheritance. Mutation and sexual reproduction increase genetic diversity in an animal species. Inheritance refers to the passing of a person's genetic characteristics to their offspring that includes dominant and recessive alleles. Reproduction is the process of producing viable, fertile offspring, which includes both sexual and asexual methods.

Natural selection is only possible when all these elements are in balance. If, for example the dominant gene allele makes an organism reproduce and last longer than the recessive gene then the dominant allele is more prevalent in a group. However, if the gene confers a disadvantage in survival or decreases fertility, it will be eliminated from the population. The process is self-reinforced, meaning that an organism with a beneficial characteristic is more likely to survive and reproduce than an individual with an inadaptive characteristic. The more offspring an organism can produce, the greater its fitness that is determined by its capacity to reproduce and survive. Individuals with favorable traits, like having a longer neck in giraffes, or bright white colors in male peacocks are more likely to be able to survive and create offspring, and thus will become the majority of the population over time.

Natural selection is a factor in populations and not on individuals. This is a crucial distinction from the Lamarckian evolution theory, which states that animals acquire traits either through usage or inaction. If 에볼루션 바카라 체험 extends its neck to catch prey and the neck grows longer, then the children will inherit this characteristic. The difference in neck size between generations will continue to increase until the giraffe becomes unable to breed with other giraffes.

Evolution by Genetic Drift

In genetic drift, alleles of a gene could attain different frequencies in a group due to random events. At some point, one will attain fixation (become so widespread that it is unable to be removed by natural selection), while other alleles fall to lower frequencies. This can result in an allele that is dominant in extreme. The other alleles are essentially eliminated, and heterozygosity is reduced to zero. In a small population it could lead to the total elimination of the recessive allele. This is known as the bottleneck effect and is typical of the evolutionary process that occurs whenever the number of individuals migrate to form a group.

A phenotypic bottleneck may also occur when the survivors of a disaster such as an outbreak or mass hunt event are concentrated in a small area. The survivors will share an allele that is dominant and will share the same phenotype. This could be caused by conflict, earthquake or even a disease. The genetically distinct population, if it remains, could be susceptible to genetic drift.

Walsh Lewens, Walsh, and Ariew define drift as a deviation from the expected values due to differences in fitness. They provide the famous case of twins who are genetically identical and have exactly the same phenotype, but one is struck by lightning and dies, but the other is able to reproduce.

This kind of drift can play a significant role in the evolution of an organism. However, it is not the only way to progress. The primary alternative is a process known as natural selection, in which phenotypic variation in an individual is maintained through mutation and migration.

Stephens asserts that there is a vast difference between treating drift like a force or cause, and considering other causes, such as selection mutation and migration as forces and causes. Stephens claims that a causal process account of drift allows us to distinguish it from the other forces, and this distinction is crucial. He further argues that drift has an orientation, i.e., it tends towards eliminating heterozygosity. It also has a size which is determined by the size of the population.

Evolution by Lamarckism

In high school, students study biology, they are often introduced to the work of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744 - 1829). His theory of evolution is commonly known as "Lamarckism" and it states that simple organisms develop into more complex organisms through the inheritance of traits which result from an organism's natural activities, use and disuse. Lamarckism is typically illustrated by a picture of a giraffe stretching its neck further to reach leaves higher up in the trees. This could cause giraffes' longer necks to be passed on to their offspring who would grow taller.

Lamarck was a French Zoologist. In his inaugural lecture for his course on invertebrate Zoology at the Museum of Natural History in Paris on the 17th May 1802, he introduced an innovative concept that completely challenged the previous understanding of organic transformation. In his opinion living things evolved from inanimate matter through the gradual progression of events. Lamarck was not the first to suggest that this could be the case, but the general consensus is that he was the one being the one who gave the subject his first comprehensive and comprehensive treatment.

The most popular story is that Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection and Lamarckism were rivals in the 19th Century. Darwinism eventually won and led to the creation of what biologists today refer to as the Modern Synthesis. The theory argues that acquired traits are passed down from generation to generation and instead argues organisms evolve by the selective action of environment factors, such as Natural Selection.

Lamarck and his contemporaries supported the idea that acquired characters could be passed on to future generations. However, this idea was never a key element of any of their theories on evolution. This is largely due to the fact that it was never validated scientifically.


It's been more than 200 years since Lamarck was born and in the age of genomics, there is a large amount of evidence to support the heritability of acquired characteristics. This is sometimes called "neo-Lamarckism" or more often, epigenetic inheritance. It is a form of evolution that is as valid as the more popular Neo-Darwinian model.

Evolution by adaptation

One of the most common misconceptions about evolution is that it is driven by a type of struggle to survive. This notion is not true and ignores other forces driving evolution. The struggle for existence is more accurately described as a struggle to survive in a particular environment. This may be a challenge for not just other living things but also the physical environment itself.

To understand how evolution works it is important to understand what is adaptation. 에볼루션 슬롯 refers to a specific characteristic that allows an organism to survive and reproduce within its environment. It can be a physiological structure, such as feathers or fur or a behavior, such as moving to the shade during hot weather or stepping out at night to avoid cold.

The capacity of a living thing to extract energy from its surroundings and interact with other organisms as well as their physical environments, is crucial to its survival. The organism needs to have the right genes to produce offspring, and must be able to find enough food and other resources. Moreover, the organism must be capable of reproducing itself at a high rate within its environment.

These elements, along with mutations and gene flow can cause an alteration in the ratio of different alleles within the gene pool of a population. This shift in the frequency of alleles can result in the emergence of new traits, and eventually, new species in the course of time.

Many of the characteristics we admire in animals and plants are adaptations, for example, lungs or gills to extract oxygen from the air, feathers or fur to provide insulation, long legs for running away from predators and camouflage for hiding. To understand adaptation it is essential to differentiate between physiological and behavioral traits.

Physical characteristics like the thick fur and gills are physical traits. Behavioral adaptations are not like the tendency of animals to seek companionship or retreat into shade during hot weather. 에볼루션 슬롯 is also important to remember that a insufficient planning does not cause an adaptation. In fact, a failure to think about the implications of a choice can render it unadaptable despite the fact that it may appear to be logical or even necessary.