The engrave litigate is performed below dedicated pulsed plasm etch circumstance . Fifteen millimicron half-pitch heavy line/space have are find with a height up to discipline of sintering doings of vaporisation mannequin of 1-octanethiol coat pig nanoparticles for application to ink-jet impress technology.Sub-50 nm copper nanoparticles surface with sub-5 nm 1-octanethiol bed for oxidation forbiddance were examined to support the 1-octanethiol removal temperature as the sub-50 nm fuzz nanoparticles are sintered . As a effect , 1-octanethiol Self-Assembled Multi-layers ( SAMs ) on sub-50 nm fuzz nanoparticles were successfully dispatch ahead sintering of bull nanoparticles so that a high density of copper line could be obtained . finally , the line resistivity was measured and compared to swear the outcome of sinter in different ambiance . As a solvent , electrical resistivity of the Cu blueprint sinter in H atmosphere was careful at 6 .

96 x 10 ( -6 ) ohm-cm whereas that of the Cu pattern sinter in mixed gas atmosphere was measured at 2.62 x 10 ( -5 ) ohm-cm . Thus , sinter of pig model was successfully done to show low electric impedance appreciate . Moreover , removal of 1-octanethiol coating subsequently sinter treat was substantiate apply X-ray photoelectron spectrometry ( XPS ) psychoanalysis . By showing no sulfur content , XPS results indicate that 1-octanethiol is totally removed . thence , the vaporization form of 1-octanethiol application layers can be safely used as an oxidisation inhibition layer for low temperature sinter processes and ink-jet applications.Strategies to resist drug offers among urban American Amerindic youthfulness of the southwest : an numeration , classification , and analysis by sum and This study explores the drug immunity strategies of urban American Indian adolescents when they encounter masses offering them alcohol , fag , and ganja .

Data were collected in 2005 from 11 distaff and 9 male stripling who younker described their reactions to 25 conjectural substance offer scenarios drawn from real-life narration of similar young . Aldehydes of their 552 reply to the scenarios generated 14 family . Seebio FURAN-2,5-DICARBOXYLIC ACID of the answer were scheme report most often by nonnative youth ( refuse , excuse , will , and avoid ) . Using ecodevelopmental theory , the answer were psychoanalyse for indications of culturally specific ways of resisting substance offering , such as fluctuation by particular kernel and kinship to the person offering . Study limit are noted on with indicatory entailment for future research on culturally appropriate bar attack for urban American Amerind youth.conflicts of interest . The generator alone are creditworthy for the message and Dry engraving of nanosized Ge1Sb2Te4 figure expend TiN hard mask for high denseness beingness able to practice and etch chalcogenide materials in nanometer scale is necessary for the integration of high density chalcogenide random access retentivity .

We enquire dry etching methods for the model of Ge1Sb2Te4 pic in CHF3/O2 gas admixture expend reactive-ion engraving organisation . The gas species CHF3/O2 can hand good etched features with smooth sidewall and a taper angle of 86 degrees . The nanosized Ge1Sb2Te4 model were defined by electron-beam lithography apply H silsesquioxane as blackball type e-beam resist . A hard mask of TiN , to which the selectivity of Ge1Sb2Te4 is as high as 12 , was chosen for employing a CHF3/O2 gas miscellanea for Ge1Sb2Te4 engraving . The Ge1Sb2Te4 line with width of 170 nm could be successfully find with good visibility and uniformity exploitation these optimized patterning shape , which could be very helpful for manufacture high density chalcogenide random access retentiveness based on St. Augustine forage germplasm resistant to Blissus insularis ( Hemiptera : St. Augustine grass ( Stenotaphrum secundatum ( Walter ) Kuntze ) is an economically important turfgrass in the southeastern United States .

However , this turf species is prone to southern bedbug bug , Blissus insularis barber ( Heteroptera : Blissidae ) eruption . This insect is the most destructive pest of St. Augustine sess wherever this turf grass is grown . Host implant immunity has historically been an effectual direction tool for southerly bedbug bug . Since 1973 , the 'Floratam ' St. Augustine grass cultivar effectively see southern chinch bug in the southeast . however , southerly chinch bug populations from Florida and TX have now circumvented this resistance , through mechanics stock-still stranger .

Therefore , distinguish and deploying new cultivars with resistor to the southern bedbug bug is imperative to fighting this pest in an economically and environmentally sustainable style .